Tensile properties of MIM products are well documented. Typical room temperature tensile properties for the common compositions are compiled below and a second table shows the typical strength of some ceramic products. Ductile alloys are characterized by yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, fracture elongation, and hardness (given as Vickers hardness number VHN, Rockwell B or C HRB or HRC). Generally the densities are close to those reported in standard handbooks. Heat treatments (HT) provide a means to adjust the properties and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is occasionally used to reach full density. Considerable variation is possible in these cycles, so only one example is listed, typically the cycle giving the highest hardness. Not all suppliers support all of these materials but the array of MIM materials and properties are quite broad.

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF MIM ALLOYS

(HT = heat treated, HIP = hot is+A5:F54ostatically pressed)

0	Density %	Yield Strength MPa	Tensile Strength MPa	Fracture Elongation %	Hardness
Cobalt-Chromium F75	99	550	880	4	25 HRC
Cobalt-Chromium F75 (HIP)	100	560	1010	30	25 HRC
Copper	93	30	145	23	43 VHN
Hastelloy X (HT)	98	303	675	74	30 HRC
Inconel 718 (HIP, HT)	100	1055	1380	29	42 HRC
Invar Fe-36Ni	98	240	425	40	65 HRB
Iron	96	100	230	40	65 VHN
Iron-Molybdenum Fe-5Mo	98	210	410	34	66 HRB
Iron-Nickel Fe-2Ni	96	190	345	30	55 HRB
Iron-Nickel Fe-8Ni	95	310	430	21	80 HRB
Iron-Nickel Fe-42Ni	99	250	490	43	59 HRB
Kovar (F15)	98	300	460	25	65 HRB
Stainless 17-4 PH	96	750	900	10	25 HRC
Stainless 17-4 PH (HT)	96	1090	1185	6	35 HRC
Stainless 17-4 PH (HIP)	100	1103	1137	13	38 HRC
Stainless 304L	97	240	480	35	85 HRB
Stainless 316L	96	175	520	50	67 HRB
Stainless 318	97	230	590	29	89 HRB
Stainless 410 (HT)	95	1240	1520	5	40 HRC
Stainless 440C	96	410	620	2	43 HRC
Stainless 440C (HT)	98	1560	1600	<1	58 HRC
Stainless PANACEA	99	670	960	35	25 HRC
Steel 1020	96	185	380	23	67 HRB
Steel 1060	97	260	580	25	80 HRB
Steel 2200	96	125	290	40	45 HRB
Steel 2700	95	225	415	26	69 HRB
Steel 4140	97	390	580	15	18 HRC
Steel 4140 (HT)	93	1240	1650	2	46 HRC
Steel 4340	96	480	620	6	20 HRC
Steel 4340 (HT)	96	1400	1600	2	48 HRC
Steel 4605 (HT)	96	1480	1655	2	48 HRC
Steel 4640 (HT)	97	1400	2000	3	30 HRC
Titanium	98	500	620	22	95 HRB
Titanium (HIP)	100	700	800	25	195 VHN
Titanium -6-4	98	800	900	17	35 HRC
Tool Steel M2 (HT)	99	1000	1100	1	62 HRC
Tungsten-Copper W-10Cu	98	530	540	1	280 VHN
Tungsten Alloy W-5Ni-2Cu	98	900	1050	10	35 HRC

RUPTURE STRENGTH OF INJECTION MOLDED CERAMICS

(Compositions in wt. %)

0	Density %	Strength MPa	Weibull Modulus	Hardness VHN
99% Alumina (Al2O3)	98	300 - 450	9	1200 - 2000
Alumina-Zirconia (Al2O3-20ZrO2)	97	400 - 600	---	1800
Cemented Carbide (WC-10Co)	100	1500 - 2600	12	1300 - 1700
Cemented Carbide (WC-7Co-1TaC)	100	2100 - 2200	---	1700
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4-8Y2O3)	98	350 - 800	15 - 35	1600
Zirconia (ZrO2 -3Y2O3)	95	200 - 800	12	1200

For MIM systems the strength measured over repeat samples typically has a standard deviation of less than ±20 MPa (±3 ksi) and the elongation has a standard deviation of approximately ±%. When different operations are compared, most properties are similar, but a few, such as impact toughness, vary considerably.